The DevOps section collects hands-on experience from the Sudo infrastructure team running hundreds of PHP/Laravel websites: the three-tier Cloud VPS model, the move to Kubernetes and CI/CD, real incidents and how they ...
A Kubernetes cluster running hundreds of websites tends to end up in the same state after a while: on paper the cluster is nearly full, the scheduler sees most of the RAM as reserved, some nodes are c...
Most websites on the Cloud VPS model use Let's Encrypt certificates that are issued and renewed automatically. But some customers still need commercial SSL: a business that wants the certificate to sh...
Moving the sites on a minion from the shared www PHP-FPM pool to one pool per site is the right step to end max_children errors. The reasons and the method are in One PHP-FPM pool per website: ending...
An e-commerce website suddenly returns 502 instantly to every visitor, while the error.log on the balancer records dozens of no live upstreams lines per second. The notable detail: this site's upstrea...
When many Laravel sites on the same minion share a single PHP-FPM pool named www, the setup is very simple but has a fatal weakness: one slow site can grab every worker, and all the other sites on the...
On a minion running several Laravel Octane websites, every site returns 502 Bad Gateway for almost a minute and then comes back on its own. Only one site actually ran out of memory; the others showed...
A request from a browser to a website can pass through several hops: a CDN such as Cloudflare, a balancer, and only then the minion that runs the application. Each hop is a proxy, and each proxy repla...
A small database server is shared by several websites, one of them a sales management application. At the start of the workday, staff open the orders page and it spins forever, while the database serv...
The table already had an index on the right columns, yet a "related posts" SQL query still hung for tens of seconds, the processlist filled with stacked-up queries, and the database server's load jump...
Open the access log on any balancer and you will see the same kinds of requests over and over: /.env, /.git/config, /wp-login.php, /phpmyadmin/, /vendor/phpunit/.... A Laravel site has no WordPress or...
A common situation on a small Cloud VPS database server: the dashboard shows RAM sitting at an alarming level day after day. The machine has not crashed and the websites still work, but with 1 GB of R...
TTFB (time to first byte) is the time from sending a request until the first byte of the response arrives. For users, a high TTFB means a page that loads several times slower. For Googlebot, a persist...
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