Programming articles from Sudo engineers: Java design patterns, Python, AI and data, and web development, with runnable code examples.
A fraud-detection model with 99.13% accuracy sounds impressive, until you learn that a program that prints "not fraud" for every transaction scores 99.12%. That is why model evaluation for classifiers...
If you have ever standardized a whole table before splitting it into train and test sets, picked hyperparameters by watching the score on the test set, or forgotten to apply the right preprocessing wh...
The Decorator pattern adds behavior to an object by wrapping it in another object that has the same interface, instead of creating a subclass for every combination of features. You probably use it eve...
Almost every modern machine learning model, from linear regression to neural networks with billions of parameters, is trained with the same idea: measure the error, compute the slope, take a small ste...
Many machine learning projects fail not because the algorithm is weak, but because the team picked the wrong problem, trained on unrepresentative data, or measured results with the wrong yardstick. Th...
A typical e-commerce project often has an old payment gateway: a vendor .jar that takes amounts in the smallest currency unit, returns an integer code instead of a typed result, and throws checked exc...
A pure Python for loop over a million elements takes about a hundred milliseconds; the same computation written with NumPy arrays takes under one millisecond. That two-orders-of-magnitude gap is why a...
You have a sample order with the shipping address and product list already configured, and you need thousands of copies with a few fields changed for each customer. Rewriting the whole initialization...
A crawler that finishes without errors does not mean the data is usable, and pandas is the first tool you reach for to fix it. The same product can show up three times under three different URLs; the...
The previous articles made the crawler fast: asyncio opens dozens of connections at once, and Playwright can read pages built with JavaScript. But fast is not the same as good. A crawler that only kno...
An order has an ID, a customer, a list of products, a quantity, an express-delivery flag, a note and several other optional fields. If you write one constructor per combination, the calling code is ha...
You write a crawler with requests and BeautifulSoup, run it, and get back an almost empty HTML page: no products, no prices, just a few script tags. The real content is built later by JavaScript in th...
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