Programming articles from Sudo engineers: Java design patterns, Python, AI and data, and web development, with runnable code examples.
Sending all of your customer-support content to an outside API is not always allowed, and token bills are not always cheap. Running a local LLM means the model sits on your own laptop or server: the d...
Calling an LLM API from Python sounds simple: send a list of messages, get text back. Once LLM APIs ship in a product, three questions show up right away. How do users see words appear instead of wait...
Here is a very familiar snippet in Spring projects: a service class calls entityManager.createQuery("select o from Order o where ...") right in the middle of payment logic, elsewhere the same query is...
Most beginners write prompts by feel: change a few words, try one or two inputs, and ship it if it looks fine. That breaks down once the prompt sits inside a product that handles thousands of messages...
Open any Spring application and you will see an OrderService that receives a PaymentGateway and a Notifier through its constructor, with no new anywhere in sight. Who creates those objects, in what or...
LLMs (large language models) look like a person answering questions, but at their core they do one thing: they look at the sequence of tokens so far and estimate the probability of the next token. Onc...
Invoices, official papers, scanned minutes and phone photos are still the largest body of data that businesses have not managed to get into their systems. OCR (optical character recognition) turns an...
The checkout screen of an online store usually has five components: a coupon code field, a shipping option, a payment method, a total label, and a "Pay" button. They constrain each other: switching to...
Turning speech into text is a familiar problem for businesses: call-center recordings, meeting minutes, subtitles for tutorial videos. Since late 2022, OpenAI's Whisper has made it something you can r...
A store gets thousands of customer reviews every month, and the usual question is how many of them are complaints. This task is called sentiment analysis, and for Vietnamese the popular choice today i...
Every time you write for (Order o : orders), Java uses the Iterator pattern behind the scenes. The pattern lets you walk through the elements of a collection without exposing how the collection stores...
Almost every language model you hear about today, from BERT and PhoBERT to text-generation models, is built on the same architecture: the Transformer. This article does not argue which model is "smart...
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